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What is an IP?

IP (Internet Protocol) is a protocol that provides a data transmission service without permanent connection. It identifies each logical interface equipment connected by a number called an IP address. Standard version used in most cases is IPv4. In IPv4, the current standard for Internet communication, the IP address is represented by 32 bits (eg. 192.168.0.1). The allocation of IP addresses is not arbitrary; It is made by organizations responsible for distribution of address space. For example, RIPE is responsible for managing the address space assigned to Europe.

How it works?

Internet communication works as follows: the transmission of data and it takes strings divided into datagrams. In theory, datagrams can be up to 64 KB each, but in practice they do not exceed 1500 bytes (to enter into an Ethernet frame). Each datagram is transmitted over the Internet, eventually being fragmented into smaller units over time. When all these "fragments" car reach the destination they are reassembled to the original datagram network. Datagram transport layer is transparent, which inserts the input string receiver process. The smallest address is 0.0.0.0, and most 255.255.255.255. IP address 0.0.0.0 is used by hosts when they are on. IP addresses with 0 as the network number refers to the current network. These addresses allow machines to access their network without knowing the network number (class network, but must be known to know how many zeros should be entered). Addresses consist only allow for one's current network, the usual one LAN. All addresses are reserved for trial as 127.xx.yy.zz local loop. Packages sent to this address are sent to local cable they are processed and treated as incoming packets.

An IP datagram (a package) consists of a header part and a part of text. The header has a fixed 20 bytes and a variable length optional part.

Each host and router on the Internet has an IP address, network address coding and host. The combination is unique: in principle there are two cars with the same IP address. All IP addresses are 32 bits and are used in the 'Source Address "and" destination address "IP packets. It is important to note that an IP address refers to a host. It refers, in fact, a network interface. In other words, if a host is the two networks must use two IP addresses.

Networks are dynamic and it is possible that two packets from the same source IP to walk on different paths (BGP - Border Gateway Protocol) and reach the same destination. IP packets (as said) did not guarantee that they reach their destination, and this is left to the adjacent protocols (UDP, TCP, etc.).